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The present research reports a study on how Pakistani university students project their feelings and assessments into research dissertations through the use of stance adverbials. Based on a special purpose corpus developed with 235 research dissertations of M.Phil and PhD graduates, the present research follows Biber’s (1999) framework of stance adverbials (epistemic adverbials, attitudinal adverbials,  style adverbials) and explores disciplinary variation on the use of stance adverbials in Pakistani academic writing. The corpus is divided into three sub-categories of academic disciplines: Humanities, Social Sciences and Sciences and is tagged for adverbials expressing stance to measure the frequency count of each stance adverbial marker out of 1000 words. The frequencies of stance adverbial markers are separately calculated for each discipline and one way ANOVA is administered. Statistically significant differences among disciplines on the use of stance adverbials. The findings reveal that there are statistically significant differences among disciplines on the use of stance adverbials and that humanities and social sciences are more inclined towards the stance expression as compared to sciences. The findings will help inform student writers and supervisors about the use of stance markers and presenting opinion based discourse in thesis writing.
 
Keywords: stance adverbials, disciplinary variation, Pakistani academic discourse  

Change is the essence of life having vital role in the working of social organizations. The pace of change not only depends upon the leaders enforcing the change but also on their adopted leadership style. Both helps in making the change acceptable for the society. The study at hand focused on the analysis of teachers’ perceptions regarding leadership styles contributing for emergent and acceptable change. Purpose of study was to determine leadership styles and their respective influence on the orientation towards change at school level. A sample of 308 secondary school teachers were selected randomly from conveniently selected 40 public sector secondary schools across two districts viz. Okara and Kasur. The data were collected with the help of two questionnaires from the secondary level teachers. These were Scale for Assessing Perceptions about Leadership Styles (SAPLS) and Scale for Assessing Perceptions about Change (SAPC). Cronbach Alpha reliability of both the questionnaires were 0.85 and 0.82 respectively. Research findings revealed that there exist significant relationship between teachers’ perceptions about leadership styles and the change process although no significant difference between male and female leaders’ perceptions about change was observed. It was recommended that the leaders may be given orientation about handling the change and its relative effects.  
 
Keywords: Change contributor, Leadership styles, Gender wise perception

The study investigates relationship between leadership styles of school heads as perceived by teachers (n=272) with teachers’ Workaholism.  It is assumed that workaholism, is a negative work behaviour that should be avoided through organizational factors, might be responsible for triggering workaholic behaviours in teachers.   Leadership styles of school heads had been explored using The MultifactorLeadership Questionaire, The MLQ (FORM5X) in terms of transformational, transactional and avoidant leadership whereas teachers’ workaholic behaviours had been explored by administering DUWAS, Work Addiction Scale (shorter version) respectively. The universe of the study were school teachers from districts in Punjab  (including both rural and urban areas) comprising sample of 272 (n=272) using convenience sampling technique. Results of statistical correlations using Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient (PPMCC) showed that leadership is related to workaholism (r=.169). Particularly, transformational leadership and transactional leadership i.e. contingent reward management, management by exception-Active, management by exception-Passive positively relates to workaholism. Where as avoidant leadership is negatively related to teachers’ workaholism. The study confirms that leadership styles are correlated to teachers’ workaholism indicating that excessive rewards, punitive culture, passive, avoidant leadership, and even transformational leadership, being the most effective form of leadership trigger workaholic behaviours in teachers. Workaholism, being negative work behaviour and having lasting negative impact on employees general well being, must be avoided.
 
Keywords:  Workaholism, Leadership, Secondary Schools

This research study intends to explore the educational and social considerations of spouse selection preferences of people with and without special needs. This study was quantitative in its nature and survey research design was used. The population of the study, was the students from four universities in Lahore city. Total 98 students were selected through conveniente sampling. Researchers have used self-developed questionnaire for data collection. Researchers have personally collected the data. Descriptive and inferential statistical procedures were used to analyze the data. Findings of this study reveals that youngsters prefer to marry in the age of 21-25 years with the age difference of 4-6 years of their spouses. Educational considerations, personality traits and same religious background were the top preferred features of the spouse selection criteria. People with special needs prefer the spouse selection considering the above characteristics plus of disability of the same nature. People without special needs do not prefer the spouse with disability. There is significant difference in the spouse selection preferences between the gender and disability status of the respondents. In Pakistan, there is no comprehensive study about the preferences in spouse selection of males and females so there is need to work more in terms of spouse selection preferences.
 
Keywords: Educational considerations, Social considerations, Spouse selection, Special needs people